Power management system and operating method thereof

ABSTRACT

A power management system includes a battery charging system, a power supplying system, a first switching module, and a second switching module. The power management system is switched between the battery charging system and the power supplying system via the first switching module and the second switching module. With a charging electric energy generated by the waveform generating module, the battery charging system could restore the aging battery or the battery with degraded performance to a better state when the batteries are charging. By sensing a battery state of batteries, the power supplying system provides a supplementing power to the batteries, and the supplementing power and a power of the batteries could be supplied to a load together.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Technical Field

The present invention relates generally to battery charging anddischarging, battery power supplies, and power managements, and moreparticularly to power management systems and operating methods thereof,battery charging systems for charging batteries by using chargingelectric energy having composite waveforms and operating methodsthereof, and power supplying systems and operating methods thereof.

Description of Related Art

A power management system is used for battery charging and dischargingmanagement. A conventional power management system A1 is shown in FIG.1, which is electrically connected to a battery pack A2 and a load L,wherein the battery pack A2 includes a plurality of batteries A2 aelectrically connected in series.

Taking the conventional power management system A1 switching to acharging mode as an example, when the conventional power managementsystem A1 charges the battery pack A2, the conventional power managementsystem A1 usually needs to consume a large amount of energy to chargethe battery pack A2. In addition, if one of the batteries A2 a in thebattery pack A2 is damaged or its performance is degraded, the chargingefficiency of the conventional power management system A1 would be poor.

Taking the conventional power management system A1 switching to a powersupplying mode as an example, when one of the batteries A2 a in thebattery pack A2 is damaged or its performance is degraded, the powersupplied from the battery pack A2 could not reach the power requirementof the load L, or the battery pack A2 could not stably supply power tothe load L due to the damaged or degraded battery A2 a that causes anunbalanced power.

In addition, each of the batteries A2 a has a plurality of batterycells, wherein when one of the batteries A2 a has a battery cell withpoor performance, a power supplying efficiency of the battery A2 a wouldbe poor. Therefore, a manufacturer tests the battery cells whileproducing the batteries A2 a, and the battery cells with similarcharacteristics would be matched to form a battery A2 a, wherebyavoiding the inefficiency of the battery A2 a. However, such process oftesting the battery cells takes a lot of time, which causes poorproduction efficiency and high production cost.

Moreover, although the battery cells are all tested, the battery cellsmay be aging or damaged. When the performance of the battery A2 a lowersdue to the degraded or damaged battery cell, battery A2 a will bereplaced, which is extremely environmentally unfriendly and noteconomical. Also, in a system including a plurality of batteries A2 aelectrically connected in series, the power supplying performancethereof would be affected by one of the degraded or damaged batteries A2a. In all aspects, the conventional power management system A1 still hasroom for improvements.

A conventional charging device B1 which is electrically connected to abattery pack B2 is shown in FIG. 2, wherein the battery pack B2 includesat least one battery B2 a, and the conventional charging device B1 isadapted to charge the battery pack B2. However, the conventionalcharging device B1 cannot provide different charging electric energiesfor different types of batteries B2 a and cannot simultaneously chargedifferent types of batteries B2 a but can only charge a specific type ofbatteries B2 a.

Additionally, the conventional charging device B1 cannot detect thecharging state of the battery B2 a, so that when the conventionalcharging device B1 charges the battery B2 a, it cannot know whether thebattery B2 a is fully charged, damaged or the energy storage efficiencythereof is degraded. Therefore, even when the battery B2 a is fullycharged, the charging device B1 will continue to charge it, which mayreduce the service life of the battery B2 a. Also, when the battery B2 ais damaged or the energy storage efficiency thereof is not good, anabnormality of the battery pack B2 is often found when the user uses thebattery pack B2. In all aspects, the conventional charging device B1still has room for improvements.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the above, one of the primary objectives of the presentinvention is to provide an improved power management system andoperating methods thereof, which could provide extra energy forsupplementing an insufficient output energy of a battery pack to a loadwhen the performance of at least one battery in the battery pack isdegraded or damaged, and could allow the battery performance of thebattery pack to be restored to a better battery performance by charging.

In addition, another primary objective of the present invention is toprovide a battery charging system and operating methods thereof, whichcould charge various kinds of batteries.

In addition, another primary objective of the present invention is toprovide a battery charging system that could enhance the performance ofa battery.

In addition, another primary objective of the present invention is toprovide an operating method of a battery charging system that couldprovide a better charging mode to a battery.

In addition, another primary objective of the present invention is toprovide a power supplying system, which could provide extra energy forsupplementing an insufficient output energy of a battery to a load whenthe performance of at least one battery in a battery pack is degraded ordamaged.

In addition, another primary objective of the present invention is toprovide an operating method of a power supplying system, which couldprovide a better power supplying mode to a load.

The present invention provides a power management system, which isadapted to be electrically connected to a battery pack, wherein thebattery pack is electrically connected to a load and includes aplurality of batteries that are electrically connected in series. Thepower management system includes a sensing module, a waveform generatingmodule, a power supplementing module, and a control device, wherein thesensing module is adapted to be electrically connected to the batteriesto sense the battery state of each of the batteries. The waveformgenerating module has a power source side and a load side, wherein thepower source side is electrically connected to a power source and isadapted to receive power sent from the power source. The load side isadapted to be electrically connected to the batteries respectively via afirst switching module. The first switching module is controlled to turnon or off an electrical connection between the waveform generatingmodule and the batteries. The power supplementing module is electricallyconnected to the power source and is adapted to be electricallyconnected to the batteries respectively via a second switching module,wherein the second switching module is controlled to turn on or off anelectrical connection between the power supplementing module and thebatteries. The control device is electrically connected to the sensingmodule, the waveform generating module, the power supplementing module,the first switching module, and the second switching module, wherein thecontrol device operates in one of a plurality of operation modes. Theoperation modes include a first operation mode and a second operationmode. When the control device operates in the first operation mode, thecontrol device controls the first switching module to turn on andcontrols the second switching module to turn off. According to a firstparameter value corresponding to the battery state of each of thebatteries, the control device controls the waveform generating module toconvert the power sent from the power source into a plurality ofcharging waveforms corresponding to the first parameter values, to mixthe charging waveforms to form a charging electric energy having acomposite waveform, and to send the charging electric energy to therespective batteries to charge the batteries. When the control deviceoperates in the second operation mode, the control device controls thesecond switching module to turn on and controls the first switchingmodule to turn off. According to a second parameter value formed by thebattery state of each of the batteries, the control device controls thepower supplementing module to output a supplementing power to at leastone of the batteries so that the supplementing power and the power ofthe batteries are supplied to the load together.

The present invention provides an operating method of a power managementsystem, wherein the power management system is electrically connected toa battery pack, and the battery pack is electrically connected to aload. The battery pack includes a plurality of batteries that areelectrically connected in series; the power management system includes asensing module, a waveform generating module, a power supplementingmodule, a control device, a first switching module, and a secondswitching module, wherein the sensing module is electrically connectedto the batteries. The waveform generating module has a power source sideand a load side. The power source side is electrically connected to apower source and is adapted to receive power sent from the power source.The load side is electrically connected to the batteries respectivelyvia the first switching module. The power supplementing module iselectrically connected to the power source and is electrically connectedto the batteries respectively via the second switching module. Thecontrol device is electrically connected to the sensing module, thewaveform generating module, the power supplementing module, the firstswitching module, and the second switching module. The control deviceoperates in one of a plurality of operation modes, wherein the operationmodes include a first operation mode and a second operation mode. Thefirst operation mode includes steps of: A1. controlling the firstswitching module to turn on by the control device, controlling thesecond switching module to turn off by the control device, and sensingthe battery state of each of the batteries by the sensing module; A2.sending a first parameter value corresponding to the battery state ofeach of the batteries to the control device; A3. controlling thewaveform generating module to convert the power sent from the powersource into a plurality of charging waveforms corresponding to the firstparameter values by the control device according to the first parametervalue and mixing the charging waveforms to form a charging electricenergy having a composite waveform, and sending the charging electricenergy to the batteries from the load side of the waveform generatingmodule for charging. The second operation mode includes steps of: B1.controlling the second switching module to turn on by the controldevice, controlling the first switching module to turn off by thecontrol device, sensing the battery state of each of the batteries bythe sensing module, and sending a second parameter value correspondingto the battery state to the control device; B2. determining whether thesecond parameter value of any of the batteries is smaller than apredetermined value; if so, sending a supplementing power to each of thebatteries which has the second parameter value smaller than thepredetermined value and supplying electricity to the load from both ofthe supplementing power and the power of the batteries; otherwise,sending the power of the batteries to the load.

The present invention provides a charging system, which is adapted tocharge at least one battery, and includes a waveform generating module,a sensing module, and a control device, wherein the waveform generatingmodule has a power source side and a load side. The power source side iselectrically connected to a power source and is adapted to receive apower sent from the power source, and the load side is electricallyconnected to the at least one battery. The sensing module is adapted tobe electrically connected to at least one battery and senses a pluralityof battery states of at least one battery to obtain a parameter valuecorresponding to each of the battery states. The control device iselectrically connected to the sensing module and the waveform generatingmodule and is adapted to control the waveform generating moduleaccording to the parameter values sensed by the sensing module so thatthe waveform generating module converts power sent from the power sourceinto a plurality of charging waveforms respectively corresponding to theparameter values and mixes the charging waveforms to form a chargingelectric energy having a composite waveform, and sends the chargingelectric energy to at least one battery via the load side.

The present invention provides an operating method of a battery chargingsystem, wherein the battery charging system is adapted to charge atleast one battery, and the battery charging system includes a waveformgenerating module, a sensing module, and a control device. The waveformgenerating module has a power source side and a load side, wherein thepower source side is electrically connected to a power source, and theload side is electrically connected to at least one battery. The sensingmodule is electrically connected to at least one battery. The controldevice is electrically connected to the waveform generating module andthe sensing module. The operating method includes steps of: A. sensing aplurality of battery states of at least one battery by the sensingmodule to obtain a parameter value corresponding to each of the batterystates; B. controlling the waveform generating module by the controldevice according to the parameter values sensed by the sensing module sothat the waveform generating module converts power sent from the powersource into a plurality of charging waveforms corresponding to theparameter value, and mixes the charging waveforms to form a chargingelectric energy having a composite waveform; C. sending the chargingelectric energy to the at least one battery via the load side.

The present invention provides a power supplying system, which isadapted to supply a power to a load and includes a plurality ofbatteries and a control device, wherein the batteries are adapted to beelectrically connected to the load. Each of the batteries has a positiveelectrode and a negative electrode. The control device electricallyconnected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of eachof the batteries, wherein the control device senses a parameter value ofeach of the batteries, and sends a supplementing power to the positiveelectrode and the negative electrode of the corresponding battery whenthe sensed parameter value is smaller than a predetermined value, sothat the supplementing power and the power of the batteries are suppliedto the load together.

The present invention provides an operating method of a power supplyingsystem, wherein the power supplying system is adapted to supply a powerto a load; the power supplying system includes a plurality of batteriesand a control device. The control device is electrically connected to apositive electrode and a negative electrode of each of the batteries.The operating method includes steps of: A. sensing a parameter value ofeach of the batteries by the control device; B. determining whether theparameter value of any of the batteries is smaller than a predeterminedvalue; if so, sending a supplementing power to the positive electrodeand the negative electrode of the corresponding battery which has theparameter value smaller than the predetermined value, and supplyingelectricity to the load from both of the supplementing power and thepower of the batteries; otherwise, sending the power of the batteries tothe load.

With the power management system of the present invention and theoperating methods thereof, the battery state of the batteries could besensed via the power management system, so that the battery cells of thebatteries could be prevented from aging when the batteries are charging,extending the service life of the batteries, enhancing the chargingefficiency, and providing a better environmental protection effect. Inaddition, when the batteries supply power to the load, the problem ofinconsistent power of the batteries sent to the load could be solved.

With the aforementioned design, the charging system could chargedepending on different batteries or different battery states bygenerating different charging waveforms via the waveform generatingmodule, whereby providing a better charging performance to the batteriesso that the batteries could be maintained better, extending a servicelife of the batteries, and providing a better environmental protectioneffect.

With the aforementioned design, the control device could sense theparameter value of each of the batteries and could determine whether thebatteries require the supplementing power or not according to theparameter values. When the batteries require the supplementing power,the control device sends the supplementing power to the batteries, sothat the power supplying system could stably supply power to the load,and the power supplying system would not be affected by the degradationof the performance of the batteries or the damage of the batteries,providing a better environmental protection effect, which is economical.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will be best understood by referring to thefollowing detailed description of some illustrative embodiments inconjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional power management system;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view, showing a conventional charging device thatcharges a battery pack;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the power management system according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4A is a graph showing the experimental data generated by thewaveform generating module according to an embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 4B is a graph showing the experimental data generated by thewaveform generating module according to an embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 4C is a graph showing the experimental data generated by thewaveform generating module according to an embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 4D is a graph showing the experimental data generated by thewaveform generating module according to an embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operating method of the powermanagement system when the power management system is in the firstoperation mode;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the operating method of the powermanagement system when the power management system is in the secondoperation mode;

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the battery charging system according toanother embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of the operating method of the battery chargingsystem according to the another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of the power supplying system according toanother embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view, showing that the sensing module senses theparameter value of each of the battery cells;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing that the power supplementing moduleprovides the supplementing power to each of the battery cells;

FIG. 12 is a flowchart of the operating method of the power supplyingsystem according to the another embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of the power supplying system according tostill another embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A power management system of an embodiment according to the presentinvention is illustrated in FIG. 3, wherein the power management systemis adapted to be electrically connected to a battery pack A3. Thebattery pack A3 is electrically connected to a load L1 and includes aplurality of batteries A3 a that are electrically connected in series,wherein the batteries A3 a include various of types, for instance, amaterial of a positive electrode of the batteries A3 a is made of ioniccompound, and a material of a negative electrode of the batteries A3 ais made of graphite, graphene, silicon compound, aluminum compound,lithium metal or the like. The ionic compound could be, for example,spinel oxide, phosphate, silicate or the like. However, this is not alimitation of the present invention. The power management systemincludes a sensing module A10, a waveform generating module A20, a powersupplementing module A30, a control device A40, a first switching moduleA50, a second switching module A60, and a third switching module A70,wherein based on a circuit function, the sensing module A10, thewaveform generating module A20, and the control device A40 constitute acharging system, and the sensing module A10, the power supplementingmodule A30, and the control device A40 constitute a power supplyingsystem. The circuit functions and the relations between the sensingmodule A10, the waveform generating module A20, the power supplementingmodule A30, and the control device A40 will be described first, and theoperation of both of the charging system and the power supplying systemwill be described in detail later.

The sensing module A10 is electrically connected to the batteries A3 aand the control device A40 and is adapted to sense the battery state ofeach of the batteries A3 a. In the current embodiment, the sensedbattery state includes at least one of a direct-current internalresistance (DCIR), an alternating current internal resistance (ACIR),and a state of health (SOH). The battery state of each of the batteriesA3 a corresponds to a first parameter value, and a current value betweena positive electrode A3 b and a negative electrode A3 c of each of thebatteries A3 a corresponds to a second parameter value, wherein each ofthe first parameter values is one of a resistance value, a frequencyvalue, a voltage value, a current value, and a power value, and each ofthe first parameter values is adapted to set at least one of anamplitude, a frequency, an offset voltage of a charging electric energy.

The waveform generating module A20 has a power source side A22 and aload side A24, wherein the power source side A22 is electricallyconnected to a power source P1 and is adapted to receive power sent fromthe power source P1, and the load side A24 is electrically connected tothe control device A40 and the first switching module A50. The firstswitching module A50 is controlled by the control device A40 to turn onor off the electrical connection between the waveform generating moduleA20 and the batteries A3 a. When the first switching module A50 isturned on, the power sent from the waveform generating module A20 couldcharge the batteries A3 a. As shown in FIG. 4A to FIG. 4D, in thecurrent embodiment, the waveform generating module A20 converts thepower sent from the power source P1 into a plurality of chargingwaveforms and mixes the charging waveforms to form at least one chargingelectric energy having a composite waveform, and sends the chargingelectric energy to the corresponding battery A3 a, whereby respectivelycharging the batteries A3 a. The composite waveform is composed of atleast one waveform of a basic waveform. For instance, the basic waveformcould be a square wave, a triangular wave, a sine wave, a pulse wave,etc., and the basic waveforms may also vary with amplitude, frequency,and the like. However, the basic waveform is not limited to the examplesgiven above.

The power supplementing module A30 is electrically connected to thepower source P1, the control device A40, and the second switching moduleA60, wherein the power supplementing module A30 is controlled by thecontrol device A40 to output power. The control device A40 is configuredto control the waveform generating module A20, the power supplementingmodule A30, the first switching module A50, the second switching moduleA60, and the third switching module A70 to operate based on a sensingresult of the sensing module A10 and a circuit requirement. Forinstance, when the control device A40 controls the second switchingmodule A60 to turn on, the power supplementing module A30 iselectrically connected to the batteries A3 a, and outputs asupplementing power to the corresponding battery A3 a. When the controldevice A40 controls the second switching module A60 and the thirdswitching module A70 to turn on at the same time, the supplementingpower sent from the power supplementing module A30 is supplied to notonly the corresponding battery but also the load L1.

With the aforementioned design, the operating method according to thecurrent embodiment could be executed, wherein the control device A40stores a controlling method for controlling a first operation mode and asecond operation mode. When the power management system is in the firstoperation mode, the circuit of the power management system related tothe charging system will start to operate to charge the battery pack A3,including the following steps shown in FIG. 5.

First, in step SA1, the control device A40 controls the first switchingmodule A50 to turn on, and controls both the second switching module A60and the third switching module A70 to turn off.

In step SA2, the sensing module A10 senses the battery state of each ofthe batteries A3 a. In the current embodiment, the battery stateincludes the current value between the positive electrode A3 b and thenegative electrode A3 c of each of the batteries A3 a, the DCIR, theSOH, and the ACIR. After the battery state of the batteries A3 a ismeasured, the battery state is formed into the first parameter value tobe sent to the control device A40, and the sensing module A10 obtainsthe corresponding first parameter value via the battery state, whereinthe first parameter value includes a resistance value, a voltage value,a power value, a current value, and etc. In other embodiments, thebattery state further includes a state of charge (SOC).

In step SA3, the control device A40 controls the waveform generatingmodule A20 to convert the power sent from the power source P1 into aplurality of charging waveforms based on each of the first parametervalues, and to mix the charging waveforms to form a charging electricenergy having a composite waveform, whereby charging the batteries A3 avia the charging electric energy. In the current embodiment, theamplitude, the offset voltage, and the frequency of the chargingelectric energy could be set by the control device A40. In otherembodiments, the control device A40 could further set the current of thecharging electric energy.

For instance, when the battery state sensed by the sensing module A10 isthe DCIR and the voltage, the corresponding first parameter value is aresistance value and a voltage value. The control device A40 performs avalue analysis based on the resistance value to determine the type ofbattery and its amount of power, and controls the waveform generatingmodule A20 to output a corresponding charging waveform. In the currentembodiment, the control device A40 determines the amplitude of thecharging waveform according to the resistance value and the voltagevalue and outputs the charging waveform. When the battery state sensedby the sensing module A10 is the ACIR, the corresponding first parametervalue is a resistance value of the ACIR. In the current embodiment, thecontrol device A40 determines whether to use a high frequency as acharging frequency, and controls the waveform generating module A20 tooutput a corresponding charging waveform. For example, when the batteryA3 a is a lithium battery, the amplitude range of the charging waveformis selected within the range of ±1.0V VS L/Li+ according to thecharacteristics of lithium ions. When sensing the ACIR, the obtainedfirst parameter value is a resistance value, and the frequency of thecharging electric energy is determined whether to use a high frequencyaccording to the resistance value.

The purpose of the above design is so that when the batteries A3 a areaged, the resistance value of the ACIR is increased. By using thehigh-frequency charging electric energy to charge the batteries A3 a,the resistance value of the ACIR could be lowered, wherein the highfrequency for the lithium batteries is between 500 Hz and 1500 Hz. Inaddition, when sensing the SOH of the batteries A3 a, the obtained firstparameter value is a voltage value, and the offset voltage of thecomposite wave is set by the obtained voltage value, wherein the voltagevalue refers to the open circuit voltage of the batteries A3 a, and theopen circuit voltage is used as the offset voltage of the chargingelectric energy. For instance, when the sensing module A10 senses theSOH of the batteries A3 a to obtain the open circuit voltage of thebatteries A3 a of 3.6V, the offset voltage of the charging electricenergy is 3.6V. However, this is not a limitation of the presentinvention. In other embodiments, the offset voltage of the chargingelectric energy could be close to the open circuit voltage. For example,when the open circuit voltage is 3.6V, the offset voltage of thecharging electric energy could be between 3.6±10%.

In addition, after step SA3, further includes a step that the sensingmodule A10 senses a charging power of each of the batteries A3 a,whereby repeating steps SA1 to SA3. For example, when the charging powerof the batteries A3 a increases by 5%, steps SA1 to SA3 are repeatedlyexecuted. In other embodiments, steps SA1 to SA3 could be repeatedlytaken when the charging power of the batteries A3 a increases by 10%.However, this is not a limitation of the present invention. In anembodiment, a time interval could be used as a repetition basis torepeat steps SA1 to SA3. For instance, the time interval could be 1minute. However, this is not a limitation of the present invention.

In this way, the waveform generating module A20 could allow thebatteries A3 a to be charged via an individual charging electric energy,thereby to extend a service life of the batteries A3 a, avoiding theaging of the batteries A3 a. Also, the aging or damaged battery A3 a canbe activated or regenerated by the charging electric energy.

Moreover, when the power management system is in the second operationmode, the circuit of the power management system related to the powersupplying system will start to operate to supply power to the load,including the following steps shown in FIG. 6.

First, in step SA4, the control device A40 controls both the secondswitching module A60 and the third switching module A70 to turn on andcontrols the first switching module A50 to turn off.

In step SA5, the sensing module A10 senses the battery state of each ofthe batteries A3 a, and the battery state sensed by the sensing moduleA10 is formed into the second parameter value to be sent to the controldevice A40. In the current embodiment, the second parameter value is acurrent value.

In step SA6, it is determined whether the second parameter value of anyof the batteries A3 a is smaller than a predetermined value. If so, takestep SA7 a, at this time, the control device A40 controls the powersupplementing module A30 to output the supplementing power to thebattery A3 a which has the second parameter value smaller than thepredetermined value, and the supplementing power and the batteries A3 asupply power to the load L1 together. Otherwise, take step SA7 b, atthis time, only the batteries A3 a output the power to the load L1. Inthe current embodiment, the control device A40 sets a charging currentof the supplementing power according to the second parameter value. Inother embodiments, the control device A40 could set a charging voltageof the supplementing power according to the second parameter value.However, this is not a limitation of the present invention.

In this way, the power supplementing module A30 allows the batteries A3a to have a better power to output to the load L1, solving the problemof inconsistent power of the batteries A3 a.

With the aforementioned design, extra energy for supplementing theinsufficient output energy of the battery pack A3 to the load could beprovided when the performance of at least one of the batteries A3 a inthe battery pack A3 is degraded or when at least one of the batteries A3a in the battery pack A3 is damaged. Also, the battery performance ofthe battery pack A3 could be restored to a better battery performance bycharging.

In addition to integrating the charging system and the power supplyingsystem into the power management system, the present invention furtherprovides a circuit design of only the charging system or only the powersupplying system. More specifically, a charging system of anotherembodiment according to the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 7,wherein the control device A40 thereof is electrically connected to thesensing module A10 and the waveform generating module A20. According tothe parameter values (i.e., the first parameter values) obtained by thesensing module A10, the control device A40 controls the waveformgenerating module A20 to convert the power sent from the power source P1into a plurality of charging waveforms corresponding to the parametervalues via a power source side A22 of the waveform generating moduleA20, wherein the charging waveforms form a charging electric energyhaving a composite waveform to be sent from a load side A24 of thewaveform generating module A20, whereby charging the batteries A3 a.

The difference between the charging system shown in FIG. 7 and thecharging system of the power management system in FIG. 3 is that thecontrol device of the charging system shown in FIG. 7 further includes adata storage unit A42 and a computing unit A44, wherein the data storageunit A42 is adapted to store the parameter values, which are obtained bysensing the batteries A3 a via the sensing module A10, and charging datathat the waveform generating module A20 charges the batteries A3 aaccording to the parameter values. The computing unit A44 computes theparameter values and the corresponding charging data so as to obtain arelation between the parameter values and the charging data. When thesensing module A10 senses the battery state of the batteries A3 a,taking the SOH and the DCIR as an example, the control device A40obtains a voltage value corresponding to the SOH sensed by the sensingmodule A10 and a resistance value corresponding to the DCIR sensed bythe sensing module A10, and stores the voltage value and the resistancevalue into the data storage unit A42. When the waveform generatingmodule A20 outputs the charging electric energy with the compositewaveform to the batteries A3 a according to the voltage value and theresistance value, both of waveform data corresponding to the chargingelectric energy and charging data which is formed by data correspondingto the SOH and the DCIR sensed by the sensing module A10 after thebatteries A3 a are charged, are stored into the data storage unit A42.The computing unit A44 computes the data stored in the data storage unitA42, and a computing result of the computing unit A44 is fed back to thecontrol device A40 to modify the charging waveform converted by thewaveform generating module A20 which is controlled by the control deviceA40, thereby to optimize the charging system.

With the aforementioned design, the operating method according to thecurrent embodiment could be executed, wherein the operating methodincludes the following steps shown in FIG. 8.

First, in step SB1, the parameter values (i.e., the first parametervalues) corresponding to the battery states are obtained by sensing thebattery states of the batteries A3 a via the sensing module A10.

In step SB2, according to the sensed parameter values, the controldevice A40 controls the waveform generating module A20 to convert thepower sent from the power source P1 into the charging waveformscorresponding to the parameter values via a power source side A22,wherein the charging waveforms mix to form a charging electric energyhaving a composite waveform. For instance, the charging waveforms couldinclude a square wave having different properties (such as differentamplitudes and/or frequencies), and each of the parameter values forms acorresponding square wave depending on the different parameter values ofthe batteries A3 a, and the square waves constitute a charging electricenergy having a composite waveform.

In step SB3, the charging electric energy is sent to the batteries A3 avia the load side A24. In the current embodiment, the parameter valuessensed by the sensing module A10 set at least one of the amplitude, thefrequency, the offset voltage of the charging electric energy.

For example, when the sensing module A10 senses the DCIR of thebatteries A3 a, the resistance value corresponding to the DCIR isobtained. According to the resistance value, the control device A40 setsthe amplitude of the charging electric energy sent from the waveformgenerating module A20, and obtains the type of batteries A3 a and itsamount of power, and controls the amplitude of the waveform generated bythe waveform generating module A20 according to the type of batteries A3a and its amount of power. When the sensing module A10 senses the SOH ofthe batteries A3 a, the voltage value corresponding to the SOH isobtained. According to the voltage value, the control device A40 setsthe offset voltage of the charging electric energy sent from thewaveform generating module A20, wherein the reason for setting theoffset voltage is that the batteries A3 a in different states of healthhave different voltage values, and the higher the voltage value, thehigher the offset voltage. When the sensing module A10 senses the ACIRof the batteries A3 a, the resistance value corresponding to the ACIR isobtained. According to the resistance value, the control device A40 setsthe frequency of the charging electric energy sent from the waveformgenerating module A20, determining whether to use a high frequencydepending on the resistance value. When the resistance value is greaterthan a predetermined value set in the control device A40, the frequencyof the charging electric energy is a high frequency, thereby to lowerthe resistance value.

In addition, another difference between the charging system shown inFIG. 7 and the charging system of the power management system shown inFIG. 3 is that after step SB3, the charging system in FIG. 7 furtherincludes step SB4. In step SB4, the data storage unit A42 of the controldevice A40 stores the parameter values of the batteries A3 a obtained bythe sensing module A10 and the charging data which is generated bysensing the batteries A3 a via the sensing module A10 after thebatteries A3 a is being charged. The data stored in the data storageunit A42 form a database. The computing unit A44 computes a relationbetween the data stored in the database, and the computing result of thecomputing unit A44 is fed back to the control device A40 to modify thecharging waveform sent by the waveform generating module A20, therebyoptimizing the charging system. In this way, when the charging systemcharges the batteries A3 a, the charging system could provide thebatteries A3 a with a better charging performance.

A power supplying system of another embodiment according to the presentinvention is illustrated in FIG. 9, which includes a control device B10and a battery B20, and the battery B20 is electrically connected to aload L2. The battery B20 includes a plurality of battery cells B22, andeach of the battery cells B22 has a positive electrode B22 a and anegative electrode B22 b.

The difference between the power supplying system shown in FIG. 9 andthe power supplying system of the power management system in FIG. 3 isthat the control device B10 is integrated with a sensing module B12 anda power supplementing module B14. As shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, thesensing module B12 is electrically connected to the power supplementingmodule B14 and the positive electrode B22 a and the negative electrodeB22 b of each of the battery cells B22. A power source side B14 a of thepower supplementing module B14 is electrically connected to a powersource P2, and a load side B14 b of the power supplementing module B14is electrically connected to the positive electrode B22 a and thenegative electrode B22 b of each of the battery cells B22.

In the current embodiment, the power supplementing module B14 determineswhether to output a supplementing power to the positive electrode B22 aand the negative electrode B22 b of the corresponding battery cell B22according to the parameter value (i.e., the second parameter value)obtained by the sensing module A10. In the current embodiment, thesupplementing power is a current.

With the aforementioned design, the operating method according to thecurrent embodiment shown in FIG. 12 could be executed.

First, in step SC1, the sensing module B12 senses the parameter value(i.e., the second parameter value) of each of the battery cells B22.

In step SC2, the parameter values obtained by the sensing module B12 arecompared with a predetermined value stored in the control device B10 todetermine whether the parameter value of any of the battery cells B22 issmaller than the predetermined value. In the current embodiment, thepredetermined value is a current value, wherein the current value is thelowest current that the power supplying system allows the battery cellsB22 to output. For instance, the predetermined value could be set to 80%of the rated current value of the battery cells B22. In otherembodiments, corresponding to different types of parameter values (e.g.voltage difference or power), the predetermined value could be a voltagevalue or a power value.

If a parameter value of any of the battery cells B22 is smaller than thepredetermined value, take step SC3. In step SC3, the power supplementingmodule B14 outputs a supplementing power to the positive electrode B22 aand the negative electrode B22 b of the battery cell B22 which has theparameter value smaller than the predetermined value. The supplementingpower and the battery cells B22 supply electricity to the load L2together, so that the supplementing power could not only supplyelectricity to the corresponding battery cell B22, but also providesextra energy for supplementing an insufficient energy of the battery B20to the load L2. In other embodiments, the supplementing power could bevoltage.

If no parameter value of any of the battery cells B22 is smaller thanthe predetermined value, take step SC4. In step SC4, only the batteryB20 supply electricity to the load L2.

With the power supplying system and the operating method thereof, whenthe power supplying system supplies power to the load, the powersupplementing module provides a supplementing power to the degraded ordamaged battery. In this way, the battery with a degraded or damagedbattery cell would not be replaced, whereby extending the useful life ofthe power supplying system.

A power supplying system of still another embodiment according to thepresent invention is illustrated in FIG. 13, wherein the differencebetween the power supplying system shown in FIG. 13 and the powersupplying system shown in FIG. 9 is that the power supplying systemshown in FIG. 13 includes a plurality of batteries B30. In the currentembodiment, a load side B10 a of the control device B10 is electricallyconnected to the load L2 and a positive electrode B30 a and a negativeelectrode B30 b of each of the batteries B30, and a power source sideB10 b of the control device B10 is electrically connected to the powersource P2. The operating method of the power supplying system is thesame as the aforementioned embodiment. That is, the control device B10also includes the sensing module B12 and the power supplementing moduleB14, wherein the sensing module B12 is adapted to sense a parametervalue between the positive electrode B30 a and the negative electrodeB30 b of each of the batteries B30. The power supplementing module B14is adapted to determine whether the parameter value is smaller than apredetermined value, and outputs a supplementing power when theparameter value is smaller than a predetermined value. In this way, thepower supplementing module B14 could provide extra energy forsupplementing an insufficient energy to the corresponding battery B30when the performance of at least one battery B30 is decreased, so thatthe overall power supply of the power supplying system would not lowerdue to the degradation of the performance of at least one battery B30.

In conclusion, the power management system of the present invention andthe operating method thereof could sense the battery state of each ofthe batteries, whereby respectively providing a better charging electricenergy to each of the batteries. The charging electric energy could notonly provide a better charging performance, but also avoid the aging ofthe batteries by providing a suitable charging electric energy to eachof the batteries, extending the service life of the batteries andenhancing the charging efficiency and providing a better environmentalprotection effect. In addition, when the battery pack supplies power tothe load, the power supplementing module could solve the problem of theinconsistent power of the batteries sent to the load.

The battery charging system of the present invention and the operatingmethod thereof could restore the aging battery or the battery withdegraded performance to a better state by controlling the chargingelectric energy generated by the waveform generating module via thecontrol device when the batteries are charging. For instance, when thebatteries are aged, the resistance value of the ACIR will increase, andthe charging electric energy with high frequency could effectivelyreduce the resistance value of the ACIR, whereby restoring the batteriesto a better state. In addition, the waveform generating module couldgenerate a charging electric energy constituted by plurality of chargingwaveforms and could charge the respective batteries. In this way, thecharging system of the present invention could simultaneously chargevarious different batteries, and respectively provide an optimalcharging performance according to the parameter values of each of thebatteries so that the various batteries could be maintained better,extending the service life of the batteries and providing a betterenvironmental protection effect.

The power supplying system of the present invention and the operatingmethod thereof could be maintained at a certain power supplyingperformance by sensing the batteries via the sensing module, andproviding a supplementing power to the batteries via the powersupplementing module. More specifically, when the performance of atleast one battery in the battery pack is degraded or when at least onebattery in the battery pack is damaged, the power supplying system ofthe present invention could provide a supplementing power to thebatteries via the power supplying system, so that the power supplyingsystem could stably supply power to the load. Whereby, the overall powersupply of the power supplying system would not be affected due to thedegradation of the performance of the batteries or the damage of thebatteries, providing a better environmental protection effect, which iseconomical.

It must be pointed out that the embodiments described above are onlysome preferred embodiments of the present invention. All equivalentstructures and methods which employ the concepts disclosed in thisspecification and the appended claims should fall within the scope ofthe present invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. An operating method of a battery charging system,wherein said battery charging system is adapted to charge at least onebattery, and said battery charging system comprises a waveformgenerating module, a sensing module, and a control device; wherein saidwaveform generating module has a power source side and a load side,wherein said power source side is electrically connected to a powersource, and said load side is electrically connected to at least onebattery; said sensing module is electrically connected to at least onebattery; said control device is electrically connected to said waveformgenerating module and said sensing module; and said operating methodcomprising steps of: A. sensing a plurality of battery states of said atleast one battery by said sensing module to obtain a parameter valuecorresponding to each of the battery states; B. controlling saidwaveform generating module by said control device according to theparameter values sensed by said sensing module, so that said waveformgenerating module converts the power sent from said power source into aplurality of charging waveforms corresponding to the parameter valuesand mixes the charging waveforms to form a charging electric energyhaving a composite waveform; and C. sending the charging electric energyto said at least one battery via said load side.
 2. The operating methodof claim 1, wherein the charging waveforms include at least one of asquare wave, a pulse wave, a sine wave, and a triangular wave.
 3. Theoperating method of claim 1, wherein the battery states include adirect-current internal resistance (DCIR); in step A, said sensingmodule senses the DCIR of said at least one battery to obtain theparameter value corresponding to the DCIR; in step B, setting anamplitude of the charging electric energy according to the parametervalue.
 4. The operating method of claim 1, wherein the battery statesinclude a state of health (SOH); in step A, said sensing module sensesthe SOH of said at least one battery to obtain the parameter valuecorresponding to the SOH; in step B, setting an offset voltage accordingto the parameter value.
 5. The operating method of claim 1, wherein thebattery states include an alternating current internal resistance(ACIR); in step A, said sensing module senses the ACIR of said at leastone battery to obtain the parameter value corresponding to the ACIR; instep B, setting a frequency of the charging electric energy according tothe parameter value.
 6. The operating method of claim 1, wherein saidcontrol device further comprises a data storage unit and a computingunit, and, after step C further comprising steps of: storing theparameter values and a plurality of charging data into said data storageunit, and computing a relation between each of the parameter values andthe corresponding charging data by said computing unit.
 7. The operatingmethod of claim 1, wherein after step C further comprising a step of:repeating step A1, step A2, and step A3 by sensing a charging power ofsaid at least one battery or according to a charging time interval ofsaid at least one battery.